// Reverse Engineering Guide

How to Identify an Unknown Thread

A thread that won't match anything in your box of fittings is almost always a different standard — not a damaged one. Three measurements tell you which, and we can cut or copy any of them.

Three Measurements Settle It

Threads look interchangeable until they aren't. The reason a fitting "almost" threads in is usually that you're mixing standards — a metric thread into a UNF hole, or a BSP fitting into an NPT port. To identify any external thread you only need three numbers:

01

Major Diameter

Measure the outside diameter of the thread crests with calipers (for a hole, measure the minor diameter).

02

Pitch / TPI

Use a thread pitch gauge — the leaf that seats with no rocking gives metric pitch in mm or imperial threads-per-inch.

03

Thread Angle & Taper

60° for metric & Unified, 55° for BSP/Whitworth. A visibly tapered thread is a pipe thread (NPT/BSPT).

The Common Thread Families

FamilyAnglePitch stated asHow to spot it
Metric (M)60°mm (e.g. 1.5)Pitch gauge reads a round mm value
UNC / UNF60°TPI (e.g. 20)Pitch gauge reads whole threads-per-inch
BSW / BSF55°TPI55° leaf seats; rounded crests
BSP (G / R)55°TPIPipe thread, 55°; common outside North America
NPT / NPTF60°TPITapered pipe thread, 60°; North American
ACME / trapezoidal29° / 30°per inch / mmSquare-ish lead-screw profile

A frequent trap: 1/8 NPT vs 1/8 BSP look almost identical but have different angles and pitches, so a fitting will start, cross-thread, and leak. Confirm the angle before you seal anything.

You Don't Actually Have to Identify It

Identifying a thread is useful if you want to buy a standard fitting. But if the threaded part is bespoke or discontinued, naming the standard is optional — we measure the thread directly off your sample and cut a matching one. We machine metric, UNC/UNF, BSW/BSF, BSP/BSPT, NPT/NPTF, ACME and fully custom threads, internal or external.

Send the mating part if you have it. The fitting or port the thread screws into is the best gauge of all — it confirms size, pitch and class in one go. No drawing? Use no-CAD ordering, or see how we handle threaded components in reverse engineering.

Measuring an Internal Thread (a Tapped Hole)

Internal threads are harder because you can't lay a caliper across the crests. Three practical methods, in order of accuracy:

  • Thread the unknown into a known fitting. If a known M10×1.5 bolt runs in cleanly with no slop or binding, you have your answer — the fastest test of all.
  • Measure the minor diameter (the hole's smallest bore) with caliper jaws or a bore gauge, and the pitch with a gauge inserted into the threads. Minor diameter plus pitch points to the nominal size.
  • Make a cast. Press plumber's putty or moulding compound into the thread, withdraw it, and measure the impression as if it were an external thread.

If none of that is conclusive, it's the same answer as everything else on this page: send us the part. We gauge the internal thread directly and cut a mating component to fit it — no name required.

Frequently Asked Questions

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Measure major diameter (calipers), pitch (pitch gauge), and thread angle (60° metric/Unified, 55° BSP/Whitworth). Add whether it's tapered to separate pipe threads. Those values place almost any thread.

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Both are 60°, so check pitch: metric is mm between threads, imperial is threads-per-inch. The pitch-gauge leaf that seats without rocking gives the system and value.

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BSP is 55°, NPT is 60°, and their pitches differ at the same nominal size. BSP is common outside North America, NPT inside it. They don't interchange — identify before sealing.

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Yes. Send the part; we measure the thread on the sample and cut a match. We machine metric, UNC/UNF, BSW/BSF, BSP/BSPT, NPT/NPTF, ACME and custom threads.

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